What is the significance of John Calvin's "Institutes of the Christian Religion"?

The significance of John Calvin's "Institutes of the Christian Religion" lies in its role as a foundational text for Protestant systematic theology and the establishment of Calvinism. Written in the 16th century, this work systematically articulates Calvin’s theological perspectives, including concepts like predestination, the sovereignty of God, and the nature of salvation. It seeks to clarify and expand on the Reformation's departure from Catholic doctrine, emphasizing the importance of scripture and a personal relationship with God.

Calvin's "Institutes" is not simply a collection of beliefs but provides a comprehensive framework for understanding Christian faith from a Reformed perspective. It has had a lasting impact on both ecclesiastical and educational practices within Protestantism, influencing countless denominations that adhere to Calvinist principles even today. This text serves as a critical reference for theologians and scholars studying early modern Christianity and its evolution, highlighting its importance in shaping Protestant identity.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of the "Institutes." While it includes theological discussions, it is not focused on Christian science beliefs or limited to a biography of Calvin's life, nor does it primarily center on Lutheran reforms, which were distinctively different from Calvin's teachings.