What was the Inquisition?

The Inquisition was primarily established as a Church court to root out heresy and enforce religious conformity, which makes this answer the most accurate reflection of its purpose. Originating in the Middle Ages, the Inquisition sought to address what the Church considered deviations from orthodox beliefs. Its activities included the investigation of individuals accused of heresy, which often involved trials and could lead to severe punishments. This initiative was part of broader efforts by the Church to maintain unity and control over Christian doctrine, especially during a time when differing interpretations of faith began to emerge.

The other choices do not accurately describe the Inquisition. A religious court exploring new religions does not align with the Inquisition's focus on combating heresy and ensuring adherence to established doctrines. A body promoting religious tolerance is contrary to the Inquisition’s mission to enforce uniformity in belief. Similarly, while there were various clergy members who advocated for change during the period, the Inquisition specifically was an institution aimed at preserving existing religious authority rather than fostering reform. Thus, the characterization of the Inquisition as a means to root out heresy and enforce conformity correctly captures its historical role.