Which of the following is commonly referred to as the father of humanism?

Petrarch is commonly referred to as the father of humanism because he was one of the earliest and most influential figures to promote the study of classical texts and the values associated with them. His works, including his poetry and letters, emphasized the importance of individual experience and the human condition, which laid the groundwork for humanist thought during the Renaissance. Petrarch's reverence for ancient Roman authors and his desire to revive their philosophies and literary styles played a crucial role in the humanist movement, encouraging a shift away from medieval scholasticism towards a focus on human potential and achievement. This movement ultimately influenced various areas, including literature, art, and education throughout the Renaissance.